Open the Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 Central Administration > System Settings > Configure alternate access mappings:
Add Internal URLs
Enter https://youreservername and choose intranet zone, click on ok
Result
Start inetmgr right click you’re site and click on Edit bindings…
Click Add..
Choose the server generated certificate if you don’t want to by a certificate, but then you will get an warning when accessing you’re SharePoint site.
Click OK and click on Brows *:443 (https)
The warning page
Click on Continue to this website (not recommended).
Followed the steps on http://blogs.msdn.com/sowmyancs/archive/2010/02/12/how-to-enable-ssl-on-a-sharepoint-web-application.aspx for more information on using hostheaders (dns entries) and ssl certificates.