Very interesting: https://gridstylesheets.org/:
Soon after the W3C introduced Cascading Style Sheets, Greg Badros, the author of the Cassowary Constraint Solver & recently retired Facebook VP, proposed Constraint CSS (CCSS) as a general solution for CSS layout. Back in ’99 Badros demonstrated responsive layouts with CCSS that today’s designers still can’t reproduce without grinding out piles of JavaScript. For more than a decade, no one seemed to take notice outside of academia until Apple implemented Cassowary & Greg’s pioneering concepts in its new AutoLayout engine with the launch of OS X Lion. Despite the evolutionary leap for app developers, web designers have had to settle with float-based & table-based layouts that have remained unimproved to this day.
Some examples:
http://gridstylesheets.org/guides/vfl/